Dytynets’ (Citadel) or Kremlin was inner, mostly reinforced part of ancient cities of Kyiv Rus’.
The name was most probably originated from the old rus’ expression meaning “being situated in the middle of the city”. It was a political-administrative center, inner city where prince’s court, garrison were situated, where boyars (nobles) and clergymen lived. Therefore Dytynets’ (Citadel) was well fortified: earthwork rampart with wall, moats and so on. The rest of inhabitants: craftsmen, merchants and others lived in a so calle ... Read more »

Pyatnytska Church in Chernihiv is a unique work of artists of the last period of Old-Russian architecture.
The church was built at the end of the 12th – at the beginning of the 13th century at Chernihiv trading quarter near the market square and named in honour of Saint Paraskeva-Pyatnytsya – the patroness of trade, farming, family.
The present look of the temple represents the reconstruction in its primary forms. In plan it is almost a square four pilaster cross domed building. The main peculiarity of the temple’s ar ... Read more »